System and method for automating and verifying medication compliance

ABSTRACT

A computer-based system for monitoring medication compliance. The system can include one or more processors configured to process and manage data. Additionally, the system can also include one or more medication packagings comprising a machine-readable medium. Notably, the machine-readable medium can comprise medication information among other types of information. The one or more processors can be configured to receive the medication information of the machine-readable medium. The machine-readable medium and corresponding medication information can be adjustable based on a dispensing of a medication from the one or more medication packagings.

This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.12/470,550, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR AUTOMATING AND VERIFYINGMEDICATION COMPLIANCE,” filed on May 22, 2009, which is incorporated byreference in its entirety, for all purposes, herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is related to the fields of medication dosagecontrol and medication compliance, and more particularly, tocomputer-based systems and methods for automating and verifying patientcompliance with a particular medication regimen.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Advances in patient care have helped to dramatically increase patients'lifespans and quality of life through the development of more effectivetreatments, medications, and medical technologies. Despite theseadvances, a leading cause of medical patient fatalities is accidentalpatient non-compliance with pharmaceutical dosage programs. For example,many patients often forget to take their medications, take too manydoses of their medications, take the wrong medications, or take theirmedications in an incorrect manner. Additionally, some patients evenforget to fill their prescriptions in the first place. As a result,taking medications in a non-compliant fashion often leads to aprolonging of disease-related symptoms, an increase in seriouscomplications, unnecessary additional medical visits, higher medicalcosts, and possibly even death.

People often use the assistance of calendars, physicians, other people,their own memory, and other methods to help remind them to take aparticular medication or to help verify that they took the medicationaccording to the proper regimen. However, such methods often fail toadequately remind the patient to take their medications on a regularbasis or in an effective manner. Such methods further fail to verifythat the patient actually took the medication appropriately.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to systems and methods for providingan automated mechanism for contacting and reminding patients to taketheir various medications and/or conform to a particular medicalregimen. Also, the present invention is directed to systems and methodsfor verifying that a particular patient has taken his or her medicationat the proper time, in the proper sequence, and/or in the proper dosageamount.

One embodiment of the invention is a computer-based system formonitoring medication compliance. The system can include one or moreprocessors configured to process and manage data. Additionally, thesystem can also include one or more medication packagings comprising amachine-readable medium. The machine-readable medium can comprisemedication information among other types of information. The one or moreprocessors can be configured to receive the medication information ofthe machine-readable medium. Notably, the machine-readable medium andcorresponding medication information can be adjustable based on adispensing of a medication from the one or more medication packagings.

Another embodiment of the invention is a computer-based method formonitoring medication compliance. The method can include accessing acommunications device associated with a patient by utilizing aprocessor. The method can also include instructing the patient to takeone or more medications associated with a medication packaging byutilizing one or more of the processor and the communications device.Furthermore, the method can include determining a condition of themedication packaging.

The invention can also include a medication packaging, which can beutilized in the system described above or otherwise. The medicationpackaging can include one or more object holders. Also, the medicationpackaging can include a machine-readable medium, which can be operablycoupled to the one or more object holders. The machine-readable mediumcan be adjustable upon dispensing an object from the one or more objectholders.

Yet another embodiment of the invention is a computer-readable mediumwhich contains computer-readable code that when loaded on a computercauses the computer to: access a communications device associated with apatient by utilizing a processor; instruct the patient to take amedication associated with a medication packaging by utilizing one ormore of the processor and the communications device; determine if themedication was dispensed from the medication packaging.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

There are shown in the drawings, embodiments which are presentlypreferred. It is expressly noted, however, that the invention is notlimited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a system for monitoring medicationcompliance, according to one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating a medication packaging includingan adjustable barcode according to the invention.

FIG. 3A is an illustration depicting a side view of a dispensing sensor,which can be included in a medication packaging.

FIG. 3B is an illustration depicting a top view of the dispensingsensor.

FIG. 4 is an illustration depicting various states of an adjustablebarcode.

FIG. 5 is an illustration depicting a tear-away tab for use inmedication monitoring.

FIG. 6A is a schematic view illustrating an exploded perspectivepartially in phantom of the different components of a medicationpackage, according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6B is an illustration of a radio frequency identification deviceRFID device utilized with a medication package, according to anembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of steps for monitoring and verifying medicationcompliance, according to a particular embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of steps in a method for monitoring medicationcompliance, according to another embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring initially to FIG. 1, a system 100 for monitoring medicationcompliance, according to one embodiment of the invention, isschematically illustrated. The system can include a processor 102configured to process and manage data. The system 100 can also include acommunications network 104 and a communications device 106. Thecommunications device 106 can be a personal digital assistant (PDA),cellular telephone, land-line phone, mobile device, computer, or otherdevice. Notably, the communications device 106 can be communicativelylinked to the processor 102 via the communications network 104 orotherwise. Additionally, the system 100 can include a medicationpackaging 108. The medication packaging 108 can include, but is notlimited to including, a machine-readable medium, wherein themachine-readable medium can comprise medication information or othertypes of information.

The machine-readable medium can be a barcode, optical disk, magneticdisk, readable card, readable tape, magnetic strip, radio frequency tag,or other machine-readable medium. Also, the medication informationincluded in the machine-readable medium can describe, but is not limitedto describing, the medication included in the medication packaging 108in a manner that is consistent with the labeling on the package itself.Even though one processor 102, one communications network 104, onecommunications device 106, and one medication packaging 108 are shown,it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill based on the descriptionthat a greater number of processors, communications networks,communications devices, and medication packagings can be used accordingto the invention.

Notably, the processor 102 can be implemented in hardwired, dedicatedcircuitry for performing the operative functions described herein. Inanother embodiment, the processor 102 can be implemented incomputer-readable code configured to execute on a particular computingmachine. In yet another embodiment, however, the processor 102 can beimplemented in a combination of hardwired circuitry andcomputer-readable code.

Operatively, the processor 102 can be configured to receive themedication information of the machine-readable medium and the processor102 can store and process the medication information. Notably, themachine-readable medium and corresponding medication information can beadjustable based on a dispensing of a medication from the medicationpackaging 108. In a particular embodiment, the processor 102 can beconfigured to communicatively link to the communications device 106. Thepatient can be instructed by the communications device 106 and/or theprocessor 102 to take one or more medications associated with themedication packaging 108. For example, the processor 102 can place anautomated call to the patient's cellular phone, wherein the call caninclude a reminder telling the patient to take a certain quantity ofmedication from the medication packaging 108.

The processor 102 and/or the communications device 106 can then beconfigured to determine a condition of the medication packaging 108. Thecondition of the medication packaging 108 can indicate, but is notlimited to indicating, that a medication from the medication packaginghas been dispensed, that the medication and/or medication packaging 108has expired, that the patient complied with the instructions, or thatthe medication packaging 108 has or has not been tampered with. In orderto determine the condition of the packaging, the processor 102 and/orthe communications device 106 can include a device/reader capable ofretrieving the medication information from the adjustablemachine-readable medium. For example, a barcode scanner can be utilizedto read an adjustable barcode contained on the medication packaging 108.

Instead of or in addition to utilizing a reader to retrieve theinformation from the machine-readable medium, the communications device106 can capture and store an image (such as through photographing) ofthe machine-readable medium. The communications device 106 can thenautomatically read the medication information from the image of themachine-readable medium. The machine-readable medium can be read and themedication information can be stored and managed by the processor 102and/or the communications device. Notably, the medication informationcan be forwarded to the processor 102 by the communications device 106.

According to one embodiment, the processor 102 and/or the communicationsdevice 106 can be configured to determine if the medication packaging108 is in an unused state. An unused state can occur when themachine-readable medium has not been adjusted. For example, if thepatient did not take the medication as instructed and did not tamperwith the medication packaging 108, the machine-readable medium would notbe adjusted because no medication was dispensed. When themachine-readable medium is read, the unadjusted machine-readable mediumwould indicate that the medication packaging 108 was unused.

In another embodiment, the processor 102 and/or the communicationsdevice 106 can be configured to determine if the medication has beendispensed from the medication packaging 108. The medication can beindicated as being dispensed if a portion of the machine-readable mediumhas been adjusted. The portion of the barcode to be adjusted cancorrespond to the medication. For example, if the patient dispensed themedication from the medication packaging 108, then a portion of abarcode would be adjusted to reflect the fact that the medication wasdispensed. After reading the adjusted barcode, the communications device106 can determine that the medication was indeed dispensed. In yetanother embodiment, the processor 102 and/or communications device 106can be configured to acknowledge/verify that the medication wasdispensed from the medication packaging 108. As an illustration, thecommunications device 106 can display “Medication X has been dispensed”to the patient after reading an adjusted machine-readable medium. Instill another embodiment, the processor 102 and/or communications devicecan provide a reward to the patient for having successfullytaken/dispensed their medication. For example, the communications device106 can retrieve and display a digital gift certificate, coupon, orother reward to the patient after verifying that the medicationdispensed.

Referring now also to FIG. 2, a schematic view illustrating a medicationpackaging 200 including an adjustable barcode according to the inventionis shown. Notably, the medication packaging 200 can be utilized in thesystem 100. The medication packaging can include a card 202 having a topand bottom surface. Notably, the card 202 can be made of cardboard orother materials. The medication packaging 200 can also include amachine-readable medium, such as barcode 204, an optical disk, amagnetic disk, a readable card, a readable tape, a magnetic strip, aradio frequency tag, and/or other machine-readable mediums. The barcode204 can include a barcode preamble 204 a, which can describe, but is notlimited to describing, the medication contained in the medicationpackaging 200 in a manner that is consistent with the package labeling216. Additionally, the barcode can include a printed stop bit 204 b orother character, which can indicate the end of the barcode sequence.

In an embodiment, the medication packaging 200 can also include a powersource 206, a swatch of thermal sensitive paper 208, an array ofresistive strips 210 a-f (the farthest left resistive strip being 210a), and a series of object/medication holders 212 a-f, in this case, thepower source 206 can be a battery. The thermal sensitive paper 208 canreside over the array of resistive strips 210 a-f, which can resideadjacent to a portion of the barcode 204. In FIG. 2 the thermalsensitive paper 208 is between the preamble 204 a and the stop bit 204b. The series of object holders 212 a-f can be a blister-pack technologyfor containing a number of medications, which can be in pill and/orliquid form. Notably, the power source 206 can be operably coupled tothe array of resistive strips 210 a-f, the barcode 204, and the objectholders 212 a-f via wires 214. The barcode 204 can be adjustable upondispensing an object from the an object holder of the object holders 212a-f.

Referring now also to FIG. 3A, a side view of an objectholder/dispensing sensor 300 undergoing various states (A), (B), and (C)is illustratively shown. In an embodiment, each object holder 212 a-fcan serve as a specialized contact switch and can comprise a conductivecover 302, an insulator 304, and a conductive foil 308. The objectholders 212 a-f can include a medication 306 and can reside on a card310. The conductive foil 308 can be embossed with preferential patternsfor tearing. Referring now also to FIG. 3B, a top view of the objectholder/dispensing sensor 300 is shown, which shows the conductive cover302 and the medication 306 separately from the insulator 304. Referringback to FIG. 3A, state (A) illustrates the object holder 300 in a normalstate with the medication 306 contained within the object holder 300.

According to another embodiment, the conductive cover 308 can bedepressed, which can cause the conductive foil 308 to tear and releasethe object/medication 306 from the object holder 300 via the hole in thecard 310. State (B) illustrates the conductive cover 302 being depressedand the tearing of the conductive foil 308. In another embodiment, theconductive cover 302 can contact the conductive foil 308 (state (C)),thereby closing a circuit with the power source 206 to at least oneresistive strip of the array of resistive strips 210 a-f. This can causethe resistive strips 210 a-f to rapidly heat and self destruct, whereinthe heating and destruction process can cause the thermal sensitivepaper 208 to create a readable image on the thermal sensitive paper 208.The effect of creating the readable image, for example, is to create abar or to extend a bar, such that at least one “bit” of the full barcode204 is altered. This effectively adjusts the barcode 204, which can nowindicate which medication 306 was dispensed. As an illustration, if theconductive cover 302 for object holder 212 a contacts the conductivefoil 308, the resulting closed circuit can cause resistive strip 210 ato self-destruct, thereby creating a readable bar corresponding toobject holder 212 a on the thermal sensitive paper 208. The adjustedbarcode 204 can be read by a device configured to read the barcode 204and the medication information corresponding to the adjusted barcode 204can be stored. In one embodiment, the adjustable barcode 204 can beutilized to indicate when the power source 206 expires.

According to another embodiment, the medication packaging 200 caninclude a tear-away structure for providing monitoring of medicationcompliance. The tear-away structure does not have to be electrical innature. Referring now also to FIG. 5, an illustration depicting anobject holder 500 including a tear-away tab 502 is shown. The tear-awaytab 502 can be torn from a medication packaging to reveal an alternatecolor, shade, or pattern 504. This alternate color or pattern can serveas an indication to the patient that the medication corresponding tothat particular spot on the medication packaging was dispensed. Inanother embodiment, when the tear-away tab 502 is torn off themedication packaging, it can reveal an alternate barcode, which can beread by a communications device or processor. The alternate barcode canprovide dispensing information or other information.

In another embodiment of the invention, the electrical contact createdwhen the conducting cover 302 contacts the conductive foil 308 can beutilized to activate a RFID device, Bluetooth interface, and otherremote connectivity means. Referring now also to FIG. 6A, a schematicview illustrating the use of RFID in a medication packaging 600 isshown. RFID tags are typically passive resonant circuits, which canre-radiate with an active component powered by received energy. However,some tags are active and contain their own power source. The medicationpackaging 600 can include a tear-away tab structure/foil cover/shield602, which when removed, as shown, can cause an RFID response. Forexample, by either covering an antenna pattern (such as antenna patternin FIG. 6B) with the foil cover 602, changing resonance (by openingpoints A and B in FIG. 6B), or by direct input to the active componentto modulate and enable transmission, one can indicate that a medicationhas been dispensed or that the packaging has been tampered with, aspacking removal exposes or modified an RFID circuit. Also, RFID energycan be utilized for augmenting or replacing the power source 206 and/orto modify the barcode 204 for inventory purposes or preventing the saleof expired or tampered products.

Referring now to FIG. 7, a flowchart of steps of method 700 formonitoring and verifying medication compliance in according with thesystem 100 is illustrated. The method 700 can include, at the start step702, automatically calling the communications device 106 associated withpatient by utilizing the processor 102. Also, the method can includedetermining if the medication packaging/dispenser pack is new at step704. If the answer is yes, then the machine-readable medium can be readby communications device 106 at step 706. From here, the patient can beinstructed to take medication at step 708. If the answer was no, themethod 700 can proceed to instructing the user to take the medicationwithout having to necessarily read the machine-readable medium.

Once the patient has been instructed to take the medication, themachine-readable medium can be read by utilizing the communicationsdevice 106 at step 710. It can then be determined whether the medicationwas dispensed or taken at step 712. If the medication was not dispensedor taken then the method can revert to step 708 and instruct the patientagain. If the medication was dispensed, then the patient can receive anacknowledgement/verification, receive a reward, or have the callterminated at step 714.

The method 800 can also include rewarding the patient for having takenthe medication or having dispensed the medication from the medicationpackaging. For example, the reward could be in the form of a coupon,which can be displayed on or printed from the processor orcommunications device and can be utilized to reduce the price of afuture medication purchase. The method 800 can further includeterminating access to the communications device after the determiningstep.

According to a particular embodiment of the method 800, either theprocessor, the communications device, or both the processor andcommunications device can be configured to store, receive, and maintainmedication information and/or information relating to the patient. Inone embodiment, the condition of the medication packaging can indicate adispensing of a medication of the one or more medications from themedication packaging, whether the one or more medications from themedication packaging has expired, and whether the medication packaginghas been tampered with. In another embodiment, the method 800 caninclude acknowledging that a medication of the one or more medicationswas dispensed from the medication packaging. For example, thecommunications device can display an acknowledgment stating that thepatient effectively dispensed the medication. The acknowledgement canalso include notifying the patient through other means, such as throughsound, printing out a confirmation, and the like.

The method 800 can also include rewarding the patient for having takenthe medication or having dispensed the medication from the medicationpackaging. For example, the reward could be in the form a of a coupon,which can be displayed on or printed from the processor orcommunications device and can be utilized to reduce the price of afuture medication purchase. The method 800 can further includeterminating access to the communications device after the determiningstep.

According to an embodiment, the medication packaging can comprise amachine-readable medium. The machine-readable medium can be a barcode,optical disk, magnetic disk, card, tape, magnetic strip, radio frequencytag, or other machine-readable medium. Notably, the machine-readablemedium can comprise medication information and other information. Forexample, if the machine-readable medium is a barcode, the barcode candescribe the medication in a manner that is consistent with the labelingon the package itself. In another embodiment, the machine-readablemedium and corresponding medication information can be adjustable basedon the dispensing of the medication from the medication packaging. Forexample, upon dispensing the medication from the packaging, the barcodecan be altered or widened in such a way so as to indicate that themedication effectively dispensed.

In one embodiment, the method 800 can further include retrieving themedication information of the adjustable machine-readable medium byutilizing the communications device. For example, the communicationsdevice can have a built-in barcode reader to read the medicationinformation from the adjusted or unadjusted machine-readable medium.Also, the communications device can also photograph and take an image ofthe adjusted or unadjusted machine-readable medium. Using thephotograph, the communications device or the processor can read theinformation from the image.

In another embodiment, the method 800 can include determining if themedication packaging is in an unused state based on the retrieving step.The medication packaging can be in an unused state if themachine-readable medium has not been adjusted. As an illustration, if nomedication has been dispensed, then the barcode would not be widened oraltered. When the built-in reader reads the unadjusted barcode, it wouldindicate that the medication packaging had not been used by the patient.In yet another embodiment, the method 800 can include determining if amedication had been dispensed from the medication packaging, wherein thedetermination can be based on the retrieving step. In this case, themedication can be indicated as having been dispensed if a portion of themachine-readable medium corresponding to the one or more medications hasbeen adjusted. In still another embodiment, the method 800 can includeinstructing the patient again to take the one or more medications if itis determined that the one or more medications has not been dispensed.It is important to note that the method 800 can incorporate aspects ofother embodiments of the invention illustrated herein, such as thoseincorporated in the system 100.

In operation, a health care provider, such as a pharmacist with abarcode reader could scan a machine readable indicator on the medicationpackage, such as a barcode on a blister pack. Alternatively, an image ofthe medication package can be captured by a camera in a mobilecommunications device. Additionally, a patient having access to abarcode reader could scan the barcode or position the medication packageto a cell phone camera and the barcode can be deciphered by the systemor a medical web service. In another operation of the present invention,a pen type bar code reader coupled with a cell phone device can be usedto process the barcode of medication dosage compliance. Prescriptionerrors and lack of patient compliance are important factors in medicalerrors and improper recovery. Benefits of the present invention includea legal digital record of compliance that indicates to both patients andhealth care providers that the correct medicine was taken at the correcttime.

In another embodiment, a method for medication compliance can includesupplying to a patient a medication package including a machine readableindicator of medication dosage compliance. The machine readableindicator can generate medication compliance information associated withthe patient. For example, the machine readable indicator can be abarcode, optical disk, magnetic disk, card, tape, magnetic strip, radiofrequency tag, or other machine-readable medium. The machine readableindicator can include medication compliance information. The method canalso include providing a communications device capable of accessing andobtaining the medication compliance information from the medicationpackage. Finally, the method can include sending the obtained medicationcompliance information to a processor for managing medication complianceinformation associated with the patient. Alternatively, the processorcan be configured to interpret the machine readable indicator, such as abarcode. Responsive to determining that a patient has complied withproperly taking medication, either the health care provider or theprocessor can send the patient a positive message confirming propercompliance by the patient.

In yet another embodiment, a medication compliance monitoring system ordevice can be provided. The system can include a medication packagehaving at least one compartment which is yieldable for medicationremoval, such as a blister pack. The system can also include a machinereadable indicator including medication compliance information, disposedon the medication package such that removal of a unit dose of medicationfrom each compartment will cause a transformation of the machinereadable indicator. The transformation can include the medicationcompliance information associated with the patient being updated basedon the transformation of the machine readable indicator. The system canalso include a communications device configured for obtaining themedication compliance information from the medication package.Furthermore, a processor can be configured for receiving the obtainedmedication compliance information from the communications device formanaging medication compliance information associated with the patient.The processor can be communicatively linked to a storage medium, such asmemory and can include program code enabled to supply to a patient amedication package including a machine readable indicator of medicationdosage compliance, the indicator generating medication complianceinformation associated with the patient. Program code enabled to providea communications device capable of accessing and obtaining themedication compliance information from the medication package can beprovided. Additionally, sending the obtained medication complianceinformation to the processor for managing medication complianceinformation associated with the patient can be included in the programcode.

The invention can be realized in hardware, software, or a combination ofhardware and software. The invention can be realized in a centralizedfashion in one computer system, or in a distributed fashion wheredifferent elements are spread across several interconnected computersystems. Any type of computer system or other apparatus adapted forcarrying out the methods described herein is suitable. A typicalcombination of hardware and software can be a general purpose computersystem with a computer program that, when being loaded and executed,controls the computer system such that it carries out the methodsdescribed herein.

The invention, as already mentioned, can be embedded in a computerprogram product, such as magnetic tape, an optically readable disk, orother computer-readable medium for storing electronic data. The computerprogram product can comprise computer-readable code, (defining acomputer program) which when loaded in a computer or computer systemcauses the computer or computer system to carry out the differentmethods described herein. Computer program in the present context meansany expression, in any language, code or notation, of a set ofinstructions intended to cause a system having an information processingcapability to perform a particular function either directly or aftereither or both of the following: a) conversion to another language, codeor notation; b) reproduction in a different material form.

The preceding description of preferred embodiments of the invention havebeen presented for the purposes of illustration. The descriptionprovided is not intended to limit the invention to the particular formsdisclosed or described. Modifications and variations will be readilyapparent from the preceding description. As a result, it is intendedthat the scope of the invention not be limited by the detaileddescription provided herein.

We claim:
 1. A computer-based method for monitoring medicationcompliance, the method comprising the steps of: receiving, from a remoteprocessor at a communications device associated with a patient,instructions for the patient to take at least one medication associatedwith a medication packaging; reading, via the communications device, amachine-readable medium of the medication packaging, wherein the machinereadable medium comprises medication information specifying whether adispensing any of the at least one medication has occurred, whether anexpiration of the at least one medication has occurred, whether atampering with the medication packaging has occurred and wherein themachine-readable medium is configured to adjust differently in responseto each of the dispensing, the expiration, and the tampering;determining a condition of the medical packaging based at least on themachine-readable medium; and presenting, at the communications device, amessage for the patient regarding compliance with the instructions basedon the instructions for the patient and the condition of the medicalpackaging.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the communications deviceare configured to store, receive, and maintain at least one ofmedication information and information relating to the patient.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the presenting comprises displaying a rewardfor the patient when the patient complies with the instructions.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the determining further comprisesascertaining that the medication packaging is in an unused state if themachine-readable medium has not been adjusted.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein the determining further comprises ascertaining that themedication of the at least one medication has been dispensed if aportion of the machine-readable medium corresponding to the at least onemedication has been adjusted.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein thegenerating further comprises configuring the message for instructing thepatient again to take the at least one medication if the determinedcondition of the medical packaging is that the at least one medicationhas not been dispensed according to the instructions.
 7. Acomputer-based system for monitoring medication compliance, the systemcomprising: a communications device associated with a patient andcomprising at least one processor and a computer-readable medium; and atleast one medication packaging configured for storing and dispensing atleast one medication and comprising a machine-readable medium, whereinthe machine-readable medium of the at least one medication packagingcomprises medication information, and wherein the machine-readablemedium and the medication information adjust in response to theoccurrence of a dispensing of any of the at least one medication, anexpiry of the at least one medication, and a tampering with the at leastone medication packaging; wherein the computer-readable medium of thecommunications device is configured for causing the processor to performthe steps of: receiving, from a remote processor, instructions for thepatient to take the at least one medication, reading themachine-readable medium of the at least one medication packaging,determining a condition of the at least one medical packaging, andgenerating a message for the patient regarding compliance with theinstructions based on the instructions and the condition of the medicalpackaging.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the communications devicecomprises a reader configured to retrieve the medication informationfrom the machine-readable medium.
 9. The system of claim 7, whereindetermining comprises ascertaining that the at least one medicationpackaging is in an unused state if the machine-readable medium has notbeen adjusted.
 10. The system of claim 7, wherein determining comprisesascertaining that the at least one medication has been dispensed if aportion of the machine-readable medium corresponding to the medicationhas been adjusted.
 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the generatingcomprises providing a reward for the patient when the patient complieswith the instructions.
 12. The system of claim 7, wherein themachine-readable medium is at least one of a barcode, optical disk,magnetic disk, carel, tape, magnetic strip, radio frequency tag, andother machine-readable medium.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein thedetermining further comprises transmitting a content of themachine-readable medium to the remote processor, and wherein thepresenting further comprises receiving the message from the remoteprocessor after the transmitting.
 14. The method of claim 1, wherein thedetermining further comprises analyzing a content of themachine-readable medium at the communications device, and wherein thepresenting further comprises generating the message at thecommunications device based on the analyzing.
 15. The method of claim 1,wherein the machine-readable medium is a barcode comprising a staticportion and a dynamic portion, and wherein the dynamic portion isconfigured to reflect the different adjusting in response to thedispensing, the expiration and the adjusting.
 16. The system of claim 7,wherein the determining further comprises transmitting a content of themachine-readable medium of the at least one medication packaging to theremote processor, and wherein the presenting further comprises receivingthe message from the remote processor after the transmitting.
 17. Thesystem of claim 7, wherein the determining further comprises causing theprocessor to analyze a content of the machine-readable medium todetermine the condition, and wherein the presenting further comprisescausing the processor to generate the message based on the analyzing.18. The system of claim 7, wherein the machine-readable medium is abarcode comprising a static portion and a dynamic portion, and whereinthe dynamic portion is configured to reflect the different adjusting inresponse to the dispensing, the expiration and the adjusting.